Detalii

Scris de ARS

Categorie: Rezumate Sociologie Românescă

Publicat: 18 Noiembrie 2014

Accesări: 7737

Sociologie Românească (Romanian Sociology), Vol. XII, no. 1-2/2014, pp. 18-31.

“Cele două Românii”: originile și contextul unei formule controversate

“The Two Romanias”: the Origins and the Context of a Controversial Formula

Ionuț Butoi*

*Universitatea din București, Facultatea de Sociologie și Asistență Socială, Șoseaua Panduri 90-92, București, România. E-mail: Această adresă de email este protejată contra spambots. Trebuie să activați JavaScript pentru a o vedea..

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Abstract: Mircea Vulcănescu’s second contribution to the journal Dreptatea [Justice], published in December 1932, became famous by virtue of its syntagmatic title: “The Two Romanias”. Its theme is typical for interwar Romanian society and indicates one of the main preoccupations of the Gustian monographists, namely the multidimensional urban-rural divide. However, Vulcănescu’s article continues to generate controversy and remains prone to erroneous readings. The analysis recently advanced by Lucian Boia in Capcanele istoriei. Elita intelectuală românească între 1930 și 1950 [The Pitfalls of History. The Romanian Intellectual Elite Between 1930 and 1950] illustrates the hazards inherent in reading this text through the prism of  conventional ideological typologies. Boia interprets Vulcănescu’s article as a symptom of a socially widespread “nationalist psychosis.” This way of asserting the problem is indicative of a pervasive hegemonic framework that structures perceptions and interpretations of interwar Romania. The dominant interpretation frames the social and intellectual cleavages of the interbellic period in terms of a “modernization – backwardness” or “democracy – traditionalism/nationalism/orthodoxism” binary. I propose instead a different approach, one that that eschews polemics and ideological explanations. My focus is on questions of method. Consequently, I will first provide a detailed critique of the ways Boia contextualizes Vulcănescu’s text. I will then demonstrate the heuristic advantages of scaling down the historical analysis onto the “micro” level. Thus, I will apply a method drawn from the repertoire of social history: the techniques of “total history”. This procedure yields a very different image of interwar intellectual debates and of their substantive stakes for the social actors involved.

Keywords: Mircea Vulcănescu; interwar history; total history; nationalism; peasant state; monographist.

Cuvinte-cheie: Mircea Vulcănescu; istorie interbelică; istorie totală; naționalism; stat țărănesc; monografist.

Detalii

Scris de ARS

Categorie: Rezumate Sociologie Românescă

Publicat: 18 Noiembrie 2014

Accesări: 5556

Sociologie Românească (Romanian Sociology), Vol. XII, no. 1-2/2014, pp. 39-56.

Henri H. Stahl și obștile agricole - pagini puțin cunoscute ale istoriei sociologiei românești

Henri H. Stahl and Communal Farming – Little Known Pages in the History of Romanian Sociology

Alina Juravle*

*Universitatea din București, Facultatea de Sociologie și Asistență Socială, Șoseaua Panduri 90-92, București, România. E-mail: Această adresă de email este protejată contra spambots. Trebuie să activați JavaScript pentru a o vedea..

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Abstract: The following paper is an attempt to place and understand Henri H. Stahl's vision on Romania's rural development. Stahl's view, to be found in a series of articles written for the Romanian newspaper "Ecoul" in January-March 1944, links him to a multidimensional context. We follow multiple paths - we trace the history of Stahl's own political and sociological views on rural development and of the rise of a particular political view on rural development - the cooperative movement; then, we trace the attempts to change Romania's external policy and to promote a viable solution to the country's rural development problems that are contemporary to Stahl's articles. We thus find that H. H. Stahl's sociological vision of rural development may be understood only as the result of a complex interaction between personal lifecourse, social networks, political ideologies and action and international relations, all within a certain historical course of events.

Keywords: Henri H. Stahl; Bucharest School of Sociology; cooperative movement; rural development.

Cuvinte-cheie: Henri H. Stahl; Școala Sociologică de la București; mișcarea cooperatistă; dezvoltare rurală.

Detalii

Scris de ARS

Categorie: Rezumate Sociologie Românescă

Publicat: 18 Noiembrie 2014

Accesări: 5857

Sociologie Românească (Romanian Sociology), Vol. XII, no. 1-2/2014, pp. 32-38.

Statul ţărănesc (1933). Notiţe (document inedit)

Peasant State (1933). Notes (previously unpublished)

Mircea Vulcănescu*

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Abstract: I consider necessary that this original text be published. It’s a composition which was clearly elaborated in the context and with the intent to contribute to the debates of the publication "Dreapta" [The Right], about the appropriate state form of social realities in interwar Romania. Title and chronology were taken from Vulcănescu. The notes, which remained at draft level, are made partly in green ink, partly with pencil. These notes are particularly important to give a better understanding of what Vulcănescu understood by rural Romania. But the mere fact that Vulcănescu seriously considered the idea of a peasant state and sought to give it a proper shape it is sufficiently relevant. Interruptions or unfinished sentences are marked with square brackets and the unclear words with a question mark. (Ionuț Butoi).

Keywords: peasant state; peasantry; interwar Romania; interwar sociology.

Cuvinte-cheie: stat țărănesc; țărănime; România interbelică; sociologie interbelică.

Detalii

Scris de ARS

Categorie: Rezumate Sociologie Românescă

Publicat: 18 Noiembrie 2014

Accesări: 3954

Sociologie Românească (Romanian Sociology), Vol. XII, no. 1-2/2014, pp. 57-73.

Originile sociale, legislative și ideologice ale Legii Serviciului Social

The Social, Legislative and Ideological Origins of the Social Service Law

Dragoș Sdrobiș*

*Institutul de Istorie ”George Barițiu”, str. M. Kogălniceanu nr. 12-14, 400084, Cluj-Napoca, România. E-mail: Această adresă de email este protejată contra spambots. Trebuie să activați JavaScript pentru a o vedea..

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Abstract: The fact that the Social Service Law was passed in 1938, when Romania ceased to be a democratic regime, has converted this action into a specific measure for states with a totalitarian regime. This generated the lack of discussions regarding the causes that led to the passing of this law, as well as the label of `utopian` measure. In fact, these two different approaches fail to bring any clarifications in debating the subject. The present paper emphasizes the idea that the compulsory social service represented the final stage in combating the effects of intellectual unemployment in interwar Romania. This phenomenon, which in turn was caused by the ”overcrowding of the universities” both in Romania and Europe, was also debated by Walter Kotsching. In his analysis called Unemployment in Learned Professions, Kotschnig identified three types of measures capable of limiting the negative effects of the intellectual unemployment, being convinced that intellectual unemployment would lead to political radicalization. Kotsching’s classification refers to emergency measures, restrictive and distributive ones. In the author’s opinion, social service is a form of emergency measures, giving the example of Arbeit Camps from Germany and of the Civilian Conservative Corpes from USA. In Romania, the legislative genealogy of the social service is found in Legea muncii pentru interes obştesc [The labor law for community interest], passed in the spring of 1937. It must be stated that the Social Service Law represented a mechanism of recruiting human resources for the Dimitrie Gusti’s project of ”mapping” the 15.000 Romanian villages. But it is equally true that this measure represented a part of the project of social control implemented by King Carol 2nd over the Romanian youth. It was a way of redirecting the Romanian youth out of the legionary movement ideology and making it adhere to the new regime of royal dictatorship.

Keywords: interwar Romania; intellectual unemployment; political radicalization; social control; Social Service.

Cuvinte-cheie: România interbelică; șomajul intelectual; radicalizare politică; control social; Serviciul Social.