Rezumate Sociologie Românescă
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Sociologie Românească (Romanian Sociology), Vol. IX, no. 1/2011.
Constructing Border Ethnic Identities along the Frontier of Central and Eastern Europe - A Research Note
Antal Örkény* și Mária Székelyi**
Vol IX, no. 1, 2011, pp. 14-24
*Author adress: Institute of Sociology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest 1117 Pazmany P s 1, Hungary.
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**Author adress: Institute of Sociology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest 1117 Pazmany P s 1, Hungary
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Abstract: This paper is based on the results of the cross-cultural comparative ENRI-EAST project, and aims to explore the various aspects of people's national and ethnic affiliations and the social psychological characteristics of national and diaspora identity among ethnic minorities living along the Eastern border of the EU. The goal of our approach is to reconstruct the image of the national identity, which is created through everyday observations, attitudes and value judgments in the individual's mind, as well as the image, which is organized into a coherent identity as some sort of collective stock of knowledge at societal level. Also, we can learn what kind of broader political consequences, value dilemmas, or perhaps tensions may accompany the mechanism of how ethnic diasporas and migrant groups create their own national identity in the context of their home and host nation. Our analyses include four ethnic dyads in the border region of Europe: Lithuanians in Russia, and Russians in Lithuania, Ukrainians in Poland and Poles in Ukraine, Belarusians in Poland and Poles in Byelorussia, Slovaks in Hungary and Hungarians in Slovakia.
Keywords: diaspora; identity; ENRI-EAST.
Cuvinte-cheie: diaspora; identitate; ENRI-EAST.
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Sociologie Românească (Romanian Sociology), Vol. IX, no. 1/2011.
Self-transcendence Values in Hungary and Romania. A preliminary Analysis of Benevolence and Universalism
Laura Nistor* și Petru Iluț**
Vol IX, no. 1, 2011, pp. 25-46
*Author adress: Sapientia University Cluj-Napoca, Social Science Department, Piata Libertatii nr. 1, 530104 Miercurea-Ciuc, Romania.
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**Author adress: Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Faculty of Sociology and Social Work, Bd. 21 Decembrie, 1989, Nr. 126-130, 400604 Cluj Napoca, Romania.
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Abstract: The European Social Survey (ESS) uses an adapted and shortened version of the Schwartz’s Value Survey in order to reveal individuals’ value orientations, that is the Portrait Values Questionnaire (PVQ). The PVQ module of the ESS comprises 21 items, which sketch the portrait of other people in terms of their important goals, wishes and aspirations. Respondents are then asked to compare each portrait to themselves and rate their similarity to the portraits on a 6-point scale (from‘very much like me’ to ‘ not at all like me’).The PVQ module studies ten types of values ,corresponding to the broader value orientations of self-enhancement ,self-transcendence,openness to change and conservation.Our analysis is based on the fourth wave (2008 )of the ESS and deals only with self-transcendence values, that is the valuation of others’well-being. The approachis comparative and preliminary:empiric alanalyses are used to reveal the theoretica lvs .empirical structure of the selftranscendence values in Hungary and Romania to model the profile of individuals for whom the well-being of others is important. Results sugget that while self-transcendence values are the most important values in both countries, Hungarians ares ignificantly more in favor of thes evalues than Romanians. Women and upper level educated respondents are in both countries significantly more in favor of self-transcendence values, but age is not significantly decisive in this regard.
Keywords: benevolence; universalism; values; PVQ; European Social Survey.
Cuvinte-cheie: bunăvoinţă; universalism; valori; PVQ; European Social Survey.
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Sociologie Românească (Romanian Sociology), Vol. IX, no. 1/2011.
Spinning the European Wheel: Benefits, Welfare, and Identity Layers in the Old and New Member States
Sergiu Gherghina* și Mihail Chiru**
Vol IX, no. 1, 2011, pp. 64-79
*Author adress: Department of Political Science, Leiden University, Office 5A51, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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**Author adress: Department of Political Science, Central European University, 1051 Budapest, Nador u 9, Hungary.
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Abstract: The main question addressed by this study is whether citizens from the new Member States are more likely to perceive themselves as Europeans than their counterparts in Western Europe. We employ Standard Eurobarometer survey data from 2009 to test how identity is shaped by trust in political institutions, perceptions about national economies (both current and prospective), benefits of membership, satisfaction with the direction in which the country and the EU go, and individual socio-demographic factors (gender, age, and education). Our results show that national identity continues to be prominent, and especially so in the EU15. Second, the examined determinants act in the same direction for both the national and the European sense of belonging. However, their strength differs significantly, with less influence at national level. Finally, the explanatory factors did not perform differently in the two sets of countries.
Keywords: identity; economic evaluations; membership benefits; trust.
Cuvinte-cheie: identitate; evaluări economice; beneficiile aderării la UE; încredere.
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Sociologie Românească (Romanian Sociology), Vol. IX, no. 1/2011.
New Authoritarianism - A Research Note
György Csepeli* și Gergő Prazsák**
Vol IX, no. 1, 2011, pp. 47-63
*Author adress: Institute of Sociology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest 1117 Pazmany P s 1, Hungary.
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**Author adress: Institute of Sociology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest 1117 Pazmany P s 1, Hungary.
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Abstract: Theories of modern authoritarianism have identified the nation state and the family as the major determinants of the development of the authoritarian character. Family was conceived as the psychological agent of the nation state in the process leading to the emergence of superego to maintain strict borders between normalcy and deviance. The result was the authoritarian personality whose love, adoration and readiness for submission are aroused by power represented by external authorities. In contemporary Western societies neither external nor internal authorities play any role in the life of the individual. What we find is that instead of disappearing, authoritarianism has become more prominent. Based on a series of surveys carried out in the fall of 2010 in Hungary symptoms of authoritarianism will be presented such as anti-democratic attitudes, approval with extreme right wing party programs, dogmatic orientations, agreement with authoritarian statements, and readiness to take positions in which members of a group look upon members of other groups as inferior. Multivariate analysis will be carried out in order to reveal the path leading to the new authoritarianism.
Keywords: authoritarianism; identity; family.
Cuvinte-cheie: autoritarism; identitate; familie.
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Sociologie Românească (Romanian Sociology), Vol. IX, no. 1/2011.
Feeling “European” and European identity: Public Perceptions in Turkey – EU Relations
Ahmet Ecirli
Vol IX, no. 1, 2011, pp. 80-87
Author adress: Institute of Sociology, Romanian Academy, Cal. 13 septembrie nr. 13, Bucureşti.
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Abstract: The debate over the emergence of a European identity and its reconciliation with the different national identities of the European citizens has raised numerous questions and a range of opinions and theories, especially during the last year. In this context, the integration of Turkey not only poses a series of challenges, but it has also crucial consequences for the future of Europe and for shaping the European identity. By debating on Turkey's membership, Europe debates also on its own identity. Starting from the existing theoretical background and using the empirical data available through the quantitative researches made over the recent years, this article brings forth a comparative analysis of the perceptions related to the European identity and to the integration of Turkey in the EU. How ”European” people feel, how Europeans perceives Turkey integration and how Turkish people see the European Union are the main questions this article tries to give answers to. As methodology, this study is based on the official data of Eurobarometer. We chose for comparison data from Germany, France, Romania, Turkey, as well as the EU average, where available.
Keywords: European identity; Turkey EU accession; perception of Europeans about Turkey; perceptions of Turkish about EU.
Cuvinte-cheie: identitate europeană; aderarea Turciei la UE; percepția europenilor despre Turcia; percepțiile turcilor asupra UE.