Rezumate Sociologie Românescă
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Sociologie Românească (Romanian Sociology), Vol. IX, no. 1/2011.
Social Identifications with Big Groups and Communities and Subjective Well-being in Poland
Katarzyna Hamer
Vol IX, no. 1, 2011, pp. 88-109
Author adress: Institute of Psychology, Chodkowska University of Management and Law, Al. Jerozolimskie 200, 02-486 Warsaw, Poland.
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Abstract: Socialties are known to have strong influence on well-being, but in the studies in this scientific context they are usually operationalized as close relationships. The author wanted to check if social identifications with very big groups and communities e.g. citizens of a province, a nation, citizens of Europe or a religious group, are also linked to happiness and life satisfaction. On the basis of big opinion polls from years 1995–2005 (Polish General Social Surveys) and another opinion poll from 2009, the connection between wide social identifications and subjective well-being was probed. Analyses confirmed the hypothesis that social identifications with big groups or communities are connected to subjective well-being, both in an emotional aspect, like happiness or a positive affect, as well as in a cognitive one, like satisfaction in different domains of life. The results of the first study indicate that subjects identifying themselves on low level with Poland, Europe, region, and non-believers were the least satisfied in different domains. Also people highly identifying themselves with Poland and Europe had stronger feeling of happiness than people with weaker identifications. The results from the second study indicate that stronger social identifications (local, national, European and religious) were connected with more positive affect. Also, all of them except EU identification were connected with stronger domain satisfactions. The results are discussed in relationships with the Terror Management Theory, with support potentially acquired from social identifications and with specificity of religion prescriptions on desirable emotions.
Keywords: social identifications, subjective well-being, Terror Management Theory, religion, nation, European Union.
Cuvinte-cheie: identificări sociale, bunăstare subiectivă, teoria managementului terorii, religie, naţiune, Uniunea Europeană
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Sociologie Românească (Romanian Sociology), Vol. IX, no. 1/2011.
National Identity in the Political Discourse in Slovakia
Alena Chudžíková
Vol IX, no. 1, 2011, pp. 110-127
Author adress: Center for the Research of Ethnicity and Culture, Klariská 14, 811 03 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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Abstract: The present paper seeks to integrate social identity theory and theory of social representations in the attempt to describe the links between the national identity and Slovakia’s attitudes towards the Other. The paper’s position is founded in the assumption that national identity is constructed and deconstructed discursively through the means of socialisation (media, education, legislation and everyday practices). Slovakia has recently adopted several controversial acts that substantially regulate the aforementioned means of socialisation, and are said to be designed to protect the nation, national identity and integrity which itself implies perception of a threat of some kind. It is hypothesized that rhetoric of such laws constructs national identity as one that is threatened by the Other while overemphasizing the presence of intergroup threat and conflict. Such discourse thus makes people defend themselves and re-evaluate their national identity by reaffirming who they are in the respective intergroup affairs. The conflicts not only heighten identification with a group but also create antagonistic intergroup attitudes. Through a brief discourse analysis of the abovementioned laws (Act on the State Language, Act on Citizenship and Patriotism Act) the paper aims to analyse social representations of nation and national identity in the political discourse and their potential impact on intergroup relations between the so called ‘Old Slovaks’ (ethnic Slovaks) and the Other. We thus seek to test the extent to which Slovakia adheres to the universalistic principles of equality and justice, or to which it heightens social significance of ethnicity and creates division within the society.
Keywords: national identity, intergroup relations, intergroup threat, discourse.
Cuvinte-cheie: identitate naţională, relaţii intergrup, ameninţare intergrupală, discurs.
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Sociologie Românească (Romanian Sociology), Vol. IX, no. 1/2011.
IN MEMORIAM: MATTEI DOGAN
Nicolae Lotreanu
Vol IX, no. 1, 2011, pp. 154-156
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Sociologie Românească (Romanian Sociology), Vol. IX, no. 1/2011.
New Authoritarianism - New Subculture?
Istvan Muranyi
Vol IX, no. 1, 2011, pp. 110-127
Author adress: Department of Sociology and Social Policy, University of Debrecen, 4010 Debrecen, Egyetemtér 1., Hungary.
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Abstract: The extremely radical (mostly youth) political organizations may be regarded as peculiar youth subcultures. We believe it is true not only for Hungary where relatively rich social scientific knowledge exists on the majority perception of such organizations. However, not many instances are found for the empirical sociological study of the organizations. The sample of the survey conducted in the autumn of 2010 by the Centre of Conflict Research at ELTE and the Sociology and Social Policy Department at the University of Debrecen consists of members of a right-wing paramilitary organization (The National Army of Guardsmen Heritage Protection and Civil Guard Organization) founded three years ago and, as control sample, the members of an environmental protection (non-radical, non-militant) organization (E-mission) operating in the same region (N=100-100 persons). The research focuses on new authoritarianism, which only partly rests on the “classical” authoritarianism, i.e. the socially determined pattern of the modern individual interiorized throughout socialization, as described by freudo-marxism in the beginning of the 20 th century. In developing the theoretical background and the operationalization, besides traditional dimensions and socializational characteristics, we relied on theories (e. g. social dominance) and topics (e. g. conflict perception and reduction) which have not been applied in such studies before. Based on interpretational-statistical models, this paper analyses the socio-cultural factors that shape the social dominance orientation characteristics for the two sub-samples.
Keywords: social dominance orientation, authoritarianism, prejudice, national radicalism.
Cuvinte-cheie: orientare către dominaţia socială, autoritarism, prejudecată, nationalism radical.
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Sociologie Românească (Romanian Sociology), Vol. IX, no. 1/2011.
(Recenzie) Margareta Fleșner, Traficul de ființe umane – formă modernă de sclavie într-o lume vulnerabilă, cu o prefață de Dan Banciu, Editura BREN, București, 2010, 225 p.
(Book Review) Margareta Fleșner, Human Beings Trafficking – a Modern Form of Slavery in a Vulnerable World, with a preface by Dan Banciu, BREN, Bucharest, 2010, 225 p.
Ioana Gavril
Vol IX, no. 1, 2011, pp. 157-160
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