Rezumate Sociologie Românescă
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Sociologie Românească, Vol. II, no. 1/2004, pp. 79-100.
Cercetare sociologică în două asociații de locatari din București
Sociological Research in Two Inhabitants Associations in Bucharest
Magda Tancău, Sorina Iacob, Cosmin Toth
Abstract (Rezumat în limba engleză): The theoretical foundations of the concept of social capital are still to be developed; there are a lot of controversies regarding the definition, the very construction of the concept and even its theoretical utility, not to mention its role in the public policies and the strategies for development. The concept of social capital was initially introduced by Loury (1977) to designate a resource of a social action, and after that, the concept was taken over and enlarged by P. Bourdieu. A different systematic approach of this subject was offered by the sociologist J. Coleman in his Foundation of Social Theory. Eventually, R. Putnam used the concept of social capital in a research regarding the differences in the developments of some Italian provinces. Other perspectives about community development stress the role of the social capital as a resource requested by the necessity of the mutual of the individual actions and their cooperation for the achieving of the collective ends. It is the utility of this concept in explaining social actions that forced us to try applying it in a field research project with the specific aim of understanding the differences (observed) between two neigbours associations from Bucharest. The neighbours association is an organized structure of cooperation between citizens of a given area (neighborhood), created for self-administration and sustaining their dwellings, as well as to promote and maintain decent relationships among neighbours. These ways of grouping generate social capital (J. Coleman) at the level of the neighbours group, capital which can be turned to a good account in collective-aimed actions. This very making actual of the social capital constitues the general purpose of our research. In order to achieve our objective, the following steps were made: first, we delimited the concept of social capital and made it operational, by selecting and retaining from the literature of the field the approaches suggested by J. Coleman, R. Putnam, D. Sandu; second, we did a small-sized comparative research to capture the actual working of the social capital institutional efficiency relationship (as for the institutions, we considered the associations of neighbours mentioned above).
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Sociologie Românească, Vol. II, no. 1/2004, pp. 101-116.
Percepții asupra stereotipurilor de gen în publicitate
Perception of Gender Stereotypes in Publicity
Alina Coman
Abstract (Rezumat în limba engleză): It is known that advertising discourse contains gender stereotypes. This paper is a reading of the people perceptions of this kind of gender messages. After a brief introduction with a focus on the sex-gender incongruity and the specificity of patriarchal social order, we move to the analysis of the perceptions of two ads for both men and women. The participants to the focus group session revealed distinct aspects. We identified self-esteem for men who feel obliged to preserve their high gender status. In opposition, we found the gender anxiety for women who confront with gender inequity using self-defense mechanisms. Though the care ethics of women for children and old or ill people was extended for men in a false mentality, men require this kind of attention as a right of their own even if the woman is an employee, too. In conclusion, we formulated a new type of patriarchy, the mediated one, extremely subversive for women because of their showed smiling acceptance related to their inferior condition.
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Sociologie Românească, Vol. II, no. 1/2004, pp. 141-155.
Dezvoltări teoretice interdisciplinare în managementul organizațional
Inter-Disciplinary Theoretical Developments in Organizational Management
Mihai Păunescu
Abstract (Rezumat în limba engleză): This paper aims to present the agency theory in the organisational analysis and the transformations it brought in the neo-classical theory of the firm. Agency theory is known as a borderline theory in economics and sociology mainly stemming from the distinction between ownership and control in the corporate business and the unbalanced power and leverage that managers have in these organisations. The study goes even further, arguing for the ethical neutrality of the concept of efficiency, so dear to economists hearts. The study unveils the ways in which ethical reflection could be employed in organisational and management analysis, thus leading to a normative theory of management. These disciplinary developments starting from the neo-classical theory of the firm constitute major steps towards unifying the assumptions of the social sciences, at least in the organisations field of study.
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Sociologie Românească, Vol. II, no. 1/2004, pp. 117-140.
Catolici și ortodocși în Moldova: aspecte ideologice și sociale în sate mixte confesional
Catholic and Orthodox Christians in Moldavia: Ideological and Social Issues in Villages with Mixed Religious Confessions
Stelu Șerban
Abstract (Rezumat în limba engleză): The aim of the article is to investigate the relationships of the Catholic and Orthodox populations living together in two villages from Bacãu County. In any case, the approach does not exhaust the topic. It focuses instead on the matrimonial dimensions. In this vein, I am trying to test the hypothesis that Catholics from Moldova constitute a specific community and their cohesion roots mainly in the confessional belonging. The ideological biases often taint the ways to step closer to the Moldavian Catholics (Csangos). In the first part of the article, by making an overview of the works linked to this topic, as well as a short report of how the first contacts in the villages took place, I pinpoint these biases. Further, in the second part, I put down the statistics of the exogamy both at the level of the confessional groups and the whole villages. With a special concern, it unfolds the analysis of the exogamic map in the decades of the 20th century. In the ending part, I try to make tighter the data interpretation. The statistics previously put down are seen here in the frame of the local rules regarding mixed marriages.
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Sociologie Românească, Vol. II, no. 1/2004, pp. 156-166.
Elite și putere. Comentarii pe marginea lucrării lui Mattei Dogan, Configurații ale elitei la vârful puterii
Elites and Power. Comments on the book Elite Configurations at the Apex of Power, edited by Mattei Dogan
Filip Alexandrescu
Abstract (Rezumat în limba engleză): The few and powerful in a society have always stirred the interest and fascination of people, be it kings, maharajas or, in the modern era, state presidents or owners of large financial empires. A similar interest, doubled by a remarkable analytical and explicative effort, has been found amongst sociologists. Starting with illustrious precursors such as Nicolò Machiavelli, continuing with famous sociologists such as Gaetano Mosca, Roberto Michels, Vilfredo Pareto or C. Wright Mills down to our days, an impressive number of researchers have studied and continue to study the elites from the most various theoretical perspectives. Mattei Dogan has a well established place at the top of this list of theoreticians and researchers, and this statement is more than a polite formula. Dogan is the initiator of the committee on research on elites within the International Political Science Association (IPSA) and he is also the scientist who has coordinated this committee for more than 30 years, leading to a high scientific prestige of the research activities.