Detalii

Scris de ARS

Categorie: Rezumate Sociologie Românescă

Publicat: 22 Decembrie 2012

Accesări: 23135

Sociologie Românească, Vol. II, no. 2/2004, pp. 5-41.

Declinul demografic al României: ce perspective?

The demographic decline of Romania: What perspectives?

Vasile Ghețău

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Abstract (Rezumat în limba engleză): Between 1992 and 2002 Romania's population decreased with 1.1 million habitants. The downward movement cannot be a surprising evolution, as all available statistical data on natural increase and net migration after 1989 defined a well-installed population decline. The unexpected face is the magnitude of the decrease and the contribution played by a new and less statistically known, till now, component of international migration the Romanians being abroad and not registered at the population census of March 2002. From that perspective, the population decline acquires new dimensions and amplifies the country's demographic situation deterioration. But, what is less known and underestimated, when speaking about that deterioration, is the seriousness of population age structure degradation in the context of population decline and its implications from the point of view of an eventual (but desired) improvement of the demographic state of the country. That is exactly what the present study aims at in analyzing Romania's demography at the beginning of this new century and the prospects of the present situation. In the first part of the paper, past and present trends of fertility, mortality and international migration are thoroughly stated, almost exclusively from the point of view of the way and the extent to which major changes regarding the level and the structure of these phenomena could contribute to the reduction of demographic deterioration ampleness and, on long term, to the population decline stoppage. The present demographic developments and the characteristicsof the main demographic components responsible for these (past and present) developments prefigure a more than bleak canvas of the Romanian population during the next decades, if a substantial change doesn't occur at the level of the crucial component of age structure deterioration fertility. The second part of the study represents a prospective view of the Romanian population in the first half of this century. The assumptions and the results of a set of population projections are discussed. Two of the three scenarios are built following a normative approach and relieve the changes fertility and mortality should meet in the frame of a population policy firmly oriented to diminish the present population downfall.

Detalii

Scris de ARS

Categorie: Rezumate Sociologie Românescă

Publicat: 22 Decembrie 2012

Accesări: 14266

Sociologie Românească, Vol. II, no. 2/2004, pp. 58-70.

Ideologii difuze în domeniul identitar-etnic

Diffuse identity-ethnic ideologies

Dumitru Sandu

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Abstract (Rezumat în limba engleză): The paper supports the view that nationalism at the level of Romanian population in the years 2000 is an identity phenomenon of multiple facets and determinations. There is not only an aggressive nationalism but also a nationalism of ethnic, tolerant orientation. The aggressive forms of nationalism are supported not by poverty but by low level of education and a high sensitivity to social anomia phenomena. Voting orientations of the population seem to be more under the influence of anomia perception than nationalist ideologies. The electoral potential of anomia feelings is much higher than the potential impact of nationalism.

Detalii

Scris de ARS

Categorie: Rezumate Sociologie Românescă

Publicat: 22 Decembrie 2012

Accesări: 14534

Sociologie Românească, Vol. II, no. 2/2004, pp. 42-57.

Paul H. Stahl despre Școala sociologică de la București

Paul H. Stahl on the Bucharest sociologic School

Marin Constantin

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Abstract (Rezumat în limba engleză): The paper is written as a comment to a series of interviews the author has conducted with Professor Paul Henri Stahl in the period October 2002 - January 2003. The interviews deal with the scientific legacy of Romanian sociological school led by Dimitrie Gusti, the situation of Romanian social research under the communist regime, ethnographic museums and collections in communist Romania, and the (re)discovery of peasant artisans by the Romanian political and cultural authorities before and after 1989. A particular significance of Professor Paul H. Stahl's memories is that of understanding the implications that an oppresive political regime has to social research, as well as the ideological use of notions like ethnography, folk culture, and folk artifacts.

Detalii

Scris de ARS

Categorie: Rezumate Sociologie Românescă

Publicat: 22 Decembrie 2012

Accesări: 15219

Sociologie Românească, Vol. II, no. 2/2004, pp. 71-88.

Stat, etnicitate și ”pluralism religios” în Balcani. Cazul românilor/vlahilor din sud-estul Serbiei

State, ethnicity and „religious pluralism” in Balkans. The case of Romanians/Vlachs from South-East Serbia

Dan Dungaciu

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Abstract (Rezumat în limba engleză): Religious pluralism usually means that in a given society there is more than one religious tradition and more than a single, unchallenged worldview of the supernatural. There are many divergent views, so that one can choose freely between a religious interpretation or another, and rival interpretations (or religions) and organisations (churches) compete in the marketplace of religions. The role of state in this picture is passive. In modern, religiously pluralistic societies, religions can play vital roles as sources of meaning for their adherents, but the state or the government should neither force people into sectarian religious observances nor favour some religions over others nor punish people for their religiosity without a very strong reason other than prejudice. This is a typical Western scenario. I will argue that the situation is different in South Eastern Europe, and a main reason is the relationship between religion and ethnicity in this region. Due to the complicated (sometimes dangerous) mixture between these two elements, the national state influenced, explicitly or implicitly, the religious attitude or beliefs of people. To prove this, I shall focus on the Serbian Vlach population. They live in East Serbia, in the valleys of the Danube and the Morava, in the Homolje Mountains and Timok Area. They speak Romanian or Walachian, but their status of national minority is not recognised. As a consequence, they are denied all rights: constitutional and legal rights to education in their mother tongue, official use of their language and alphabet, information in their language, national culture etc. They cannot even practice religion in their own language. The Vlachs in Eastern Serbia, who belong to Eastern Orthodoxy, do not have the possibility to attend religious services in Romanian (or Walachian language). And because they have perceived the Serbian Orthodox Church as a state-mechanism for assimilation, the Vlachs began to reject Christian religion as such and resurrect old pagan pre-Christian! religious behaviours and practices. This mechanism of de-Christianization and resurrection of pagan religion a state mechanism, which manages to change the religious landscape of a society - deserves a closer sociological investigation.