Rezumate Sociologie Românescă
- Detalii
- Scris de ARS
- Categorie: Rezumate Sociologie Românescă
- Accesări: 18927
Sociologie Românească, Vol. IV, no. 2/2005, pp. 59-77.
Opinia publică despre criminalitate, justiție și poliție
Public opinion about criminality, justice and the police
Septimiu Chelcea
Abstract (Rezumat în limba engleză): This study presents some stable attitudes of the public opinion on the criminality field (rates, causes, degree of dangerousness), the legal sanctions (the relationship between the degree of dangerousness and the harshness of verdicts) and police performance (its popular support). The article presents mass media bearing on the construction of public opinion (overrepresentation of criminality, fear induced by victimization etc.) and the peculiarities of the cognitive processes that influence the emergence of opinions (overgeneralization, cognitive accessibility, trust in evaluative judgments). In order to support the theoretical statements about criminality, justice and police, I compared the findings with those of national and international public opinion surveys (Eurobarometrul de Opinie Publicã, 2004, apud New Europe Barometer, 2004).
- Detalii
- Scris de ARS
- Categorie: Rezumate Sociologie Românescă
- Accesări: 18382
Sociologie Românească, Vol. IV, no. 2/2005, pp. 78-89.
Instituția”vecinătății” în Mărginimea Sibiului - mod învățat de gândire și reper referențial al nivelului de civilizație
The institution of the neighborhood in the region Mărginimea Sibiului - learned way of thinking and reference point for the civilization level
Alexandru Rizescu
Abstract (Rezumat în limba engleză): The article presents the role of the brotherhood Institution in the community life from Mãrginimea Sibiului and the means the normative system became a thinking learned system and action. The importance of the normative system of an organization, community or social group is dependent of the necessity to assure the social system a generator support of effective and rational repetitive mechanism. The human actions are governed by customs, habits and normative skills that are transmitted from one generation to another, thus influencing a pervading influence on the acting and thinking means and modalities. Being a European Institution, with multiple functions, the Brotherhood has regularly exercised, within the community life, certain effects of self-regulation of the moral structure of the Romanian customer rights. As a social function controlling institution - emphasizing the moral mistakes, as a result of the shared practices, and also hardened by the village communities and continued on a different plan by The Brotherhood Institution - it has a dominant influence in the Romanian village social life from Mãrginimea Sibiului.
- Detalii
- Scris de ARS
- Categorie: Rezumate Sociologie Românescă
- Accesări: 15037
Sociologie Românească, Vol. IV, no. 2/2005, pp. 113-126.
Probleme metodologice în măsurarea sărăciei. Învățăminte dintr-o anchetă în Oradea
Methodological issues in measuring poverty. The experience of a survey in Oradea
Adrian Hatos, Sergiu Bălțătescu
Abstract (Rezumat în limba engleză): The purpose of this article is to present in detail the problems raised by a research aimed at measuring the incidence, depth and profile of poverty in the Romanian town Oradea. The research, commissioned by the local council, included a sample of 2.500 households. We had to answer very diverse questions like: how to design a representative sample of households using a comprehensive list of individuals aged 18 and more, how to validate data on households consumption, decide on the type of poverty threshold relative or absolute, what kind of household welfare indicators will be used income or consumption, and related to it the types of expenditures and non-monetary consumptions included in the welfare aggregates, which measure should be used for inequality, and so on. It was not easy to reconcile the need to introduce valid measures, fit to the local particularities, and the necessity to offer compatible results with similar Romanian surveys. Where discordances appeared, the methodology used by the World Bank's specialists in the developing world was generally chosen. Remarks on strategies for improvement of the poverty and inequality data collection and processing are also included.
- Detalii
- Scris de ARS
- Categorie: Rezumate Sociologie Românescă
- Accesări: 17424
Sociologie Românească, Vol. IV, no. 2/2005, pp. 90-112.
Relația dintre sărăcie și excluziune într-o perspectivă longitudinală
A longitudinal perspective on the relationship between poverty and exclusion
Vlad Grigoraș
Abstract (Rezumat în limba engleză): Even if in the theoretical approaches the relationship between poverty and social exclusion is compulsory (the first one being a dimension or a predictor of the second one), the empirical studies using cross-sectional data showed that the two concepts barely intersect. This paper, using panel survey data (1995-1997), tries to demonstrate that poverty and social exclusion (in different aspects housing, durable ownership, education, and labor market participation) are better predicted if we monitor the individuals on longer time intervals than if we adopt a static perspective (based on cross-sectional surveys). Moreover, the weak relationship between them is mainly due to the period the data covers, becoming clearer as we enlarge the observation time.
- Detalii
- Scris de ARS
- Categorie: Rezumate Sociologie Românescă
- Accesări: 17896
Sociologie Românească, Vol. IV, no. 2/2005, pp. 127-140.
”Jumătatea plină”. Un experiment pentru aplicarea anchetei apreciative
The „full half of the bottle”. An experiment in applying the appreciative survey
Ștefan Cojocaru
Abstract (Rezumat în limba engleză): In this article, the principles of appreciative inquiry are used in order to mediate the organisational relationships. Using the constructionism theory, the article describes and analyses the power of individual interpretations in constructing the organisational practices. The paper draws on the process that appreciative inquiry perspective works for rebuilding the social relationships in one NGO. Its main contribution is showing how appreciative perspectives can be used for organisational development by dropping out of the deficiency paradigm.