Detalii

Scris de ARS

Categorie: Rezumate Sociologie Românescă

Publicat: 04 Decembrie 2012

Accesări: 23680

Sociologie Românească, Vol. III, no. 1/2005, pp. 94-109.

Tendințe actuale în evoluția victimelor delictelor cu violență în România

Current tendencies in the evolution of violent crime victims in Romania

Maria Voinea, Dan Banciu

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Abstract (Rezumat în limba engleză): In Romania, the official police and justice statistics offer few information and data about the intensity of violent crimes and their victims. Only few research projects are trying to explain the causes and motives of crime, as well as the role of the victim in the genesis of crime. This study is trying to focus on the main tendencies in the evolution of violent crimes, on the typology of victims and aggressors in intra and extra familial surrounds, in order to identify solutions to prevent the victimization of persons.

Detalii

Scris de ARS

Categorie: Rezumate Sociologie Românescă

Publicat: 04 Decembrie 2012

Accesări: 17376

Sociologie Românească, Vol. III, no. 1/2005, pp. 128-141.

Expunerea la violență prin media. O perspectivă psihosociologică

Exposure to violence by mass-media: a psycho-sociological perspective

Aurora Liiceanu, Octavian Rujoiu

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Abstract (Rezumat în limba engleză): In this article the psycho-sociological perspective of media violence is analyzed. The violence generated by television influences people's attitudes, values and behavior. The main categories of media violence effects as well as research and experiments underlining contradictory results are emphasized. The situational effects and theoretical explanations complete the analysis, supporting the fact that inter-individual differences must be taken into account when we talk about exposure to media violence.

Detalii

Scris de ARS

Categorie: Rezumate Sociologie Românescă

Publicat: 04 Decembrie 2012

Accesări: 17849

Sociologie Românească, Vol. III, no. 1/2005, pp. 110-127.

Vitalitatea Școlii de la Chicago

The vitality of the Chicago School

Petru Iluț, Laura Nistor, Reka Geambașu

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Abstract (Rezumat în limba engleză): Does the Chicago School mean a single sociological school inside the University of Chicago or does it mean many different sociological schools? What happens today at Chicago is the continuation of the well-known Chicagoan sociological tradition (of course, with specific adaptations to nowadays social reality) or are there radical ideological innovations? In what manner the Chicago school of sociology or the Chicago schools of sociology coincide with the evolution of the Department of Sociology at the University of Chicago, and how does the American Journal of Sociology edited by this department reflect these possibilities and situations? Among others these are the theoretical questions raised in our analysis based on three specific researches. While Andrew Abbott undertakes an ample, well-documented contextualstudy on the Chicago tradition, analyzing on the one hand the impact of the disciplinary evolutions in USA on the school, and vice versa, including the importance of the American Journal of Sociology on these evolutions, the two other researches are examples of different theoretical and methodological imperatives. Laumann and Michael apply both quantitative and qualitative methodologies when studying the sexual behavior of US citizens, insisting on the importance of social and psychological contexts of different variables when comparing and correlating them. Thus the explanations are comprehensive and can be used to enforce macro level policy decisions (mainly health policy in this case). Tang and Parish choose the reversed way: they are concerned with the impact of macro level social, political and economic transformations on the micro-social. Even their model is a theoretical one, they succeed in explanations by applying it to a specific context, those of post-social Chinese cities. So doing generalized deductions regarding other post-social societies can be made if only we have in mind the imperative of context. Of course, using the macro and micro interplay, triangulations like quantitative-qualitative-contextual these last two researches are at first sight very similar to those made in the so called first Chicago School regarding the improvements of immigrant policies or those regarding the impact of capitalism and new status quo on immigrants. Innovations are made by using other newer paradigms, many of them even Chicagoan for example that of rational choice in explaining micro-level practices. Beyond the labels school or schools or department, the sociology at the University of Chicago is a dynamic and full of vitality even today. This sociology is a practitioner of paradigms like contextualism, interactionalism, being accurate in the control of variables, complementary in approaching complex social phenomena, doing all these often in teamwork. But another question is raised rightly: aren’t by chance these theoretical and methodological paradigms commonplaces in contemporary sociology in general? Without any doubt, they are. What makes Chicago unique among these commontreats is the value and the vigor by which Chicago succeeded in elaborating, promoting and modifying these paradigms inside international sociology, and the fact that Chicago is not only a practitioner of such demands, but also an applier of them in researches with great influence on public affairs and policies.

Detalii

Scris de ARS

Categorie: Rezumate Sociologie Românescă

Publicat: 04 Decembrie 2012

Accesări: 18539

Sociologie Românească, Vol. III, no. 1/2005, pp. 142-181.

Noua dinamică macrosocială și transferurile intergeneraționale. Ancheta franceză ”Trei generații”

The new macrosocial dynamics and the intergenerational transfers. The French survey „Three generations”

Ana Rodica Stăiculescu, Daniela Jitcov

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Abstract (Rezumat în limba engleză): The problem of the historical and sociological dimension of the generation notion should be considered again in the sense of a multigenerational society which has the ability to transform the relations between generations and the definition itself (of the generations). The intergenerational conflict involves at least two generations symbolically called by the West-European sociology the Gorbatchev generation and the Internet generation. One justification of the communicational goal between generations is the remarkable difference in perceiving the system of values. If, in the past, the values accepted by the young generation were characterized by immobility (children's future was like their parents’ past and present), now, things are very different: adults are not anything else than some strangers in a new world. Their authority reduces, children look for their behaviour models exclusively among those of their age. In order to surprise the multiplicative dynamic of changes among the generations of the beginning of the millennium I have resorted to the results obtained by the French School of Sociology. Now, the investigation Three Generations is the most complete and recent qualitative and quantitative examination in the European sociology, succeeding in building a systematic and global image of the main transformations of the generations of the end of the 20th century. In an absolutely new way it is made clear what has permitted the emergence of the generation concept understood in a triple dimension: family generation, historical generation and the generation of welfare. The essence of the investigation are the relations among generations simultaneously placed both within the framework of the family and at the border between the familial and the social life. The first empirical data obtained permitted to draw some conclusions: first, the social mobility plays an important role in the functioning and the cultural influence of the “intermediary social solidarities, understood in a Durkheimian way. The transfers between generations happen both by interfamily interactions and through the agency of social change mediators, as trade unions, links of work within the framework of formal groups etc. Second, it has been demonstrated that the relations between sexes directly influence the relations between generations. In spite of the inertia of practices and contradictions between men and women, the relations between the two sexes change in the same direction as those between generations, namely in replacing the traditional hierarchical principles. The cultural influence of children on their parents is one of the effects of returning to the social mobility. The conclusion of the investigation is that, generally, regardless the degree of mobility between generations, the children’s social status becomes an element of the parents’ status, as they get old. Another conclusion is that the evolution and the religious practice over the generations is a structurally declining phenomenon. The investigation confirms the fact that, while family is deeply transforming, an examination of the solidarities between generations shows that these maintain in time. The changes mix with the growing autonomy of generations, not without a certain contradiction between the network of obligations which represents the family solidarities and the norms of independence cultivated by the modern family. For this reason, sometimes, exercising solidarities implies the price of the appearance of tensions and intergenerational conflicts. In our opinion, this type of study is interesting not only in itself, but in the generational perspective, it has the capacity of opening new paths of investigation and of accumulating new data concerning social change, social mobility,  Providence-State” and the migratory, economical and political behaviours.