Rezumate Sociologie Românescă
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Sociologie Românească, Vol. VIII, no. 3/2010, pp. 71-81.
Agresivitatea în mediul penitenciar ca efect al deculturaţiei
Agresivity in the penitentiary as effect of deculturation
Dan Banciu*
*Institute of Sociology "Dimitrie Gusti", Romanian Academy of Science
Abstract: This study highlights the negative effects that imprisonment has on prisoners, required to bear the rigors and restrictions of the institution and to try to adapt to an environment they consider as hostile and unwelcoming. These negative effects include "learning" aggressiveness in the process of interaction and informal communication between detainees, which, in order to survive the imprisonment, resort to aggressive forms of the most serious violence, both against other prison mates and against prison staff. Learning and adopting aggressive behavior in prison environment significantly reduces the chances for the prisoner to reintegrate into normal society after imprisonment.
Keywords: crime, prison, punishment, aggression, penitentiary system, resocialization, deculturation.
Cuvinte-cheie: crimă, închisoare, pedeapsă, agresiune, sistem penitenciar, resocializare, deculturaţie.
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Sociologie Românească, Vol. VIII, no. 3/2010, pp. 52-63.
Scrisori, exive, şi petiţii: corespondenţa scrisă a persoanelor deţinute
Letters, exive and petitions: written communication of detainees
Marian Badea*
*University of Bucharest
Abstract: Following Vaclav Havel and Milan Simecka, will be observed the functions of the written correspondence between inmates and their families. Is, the diminution of uncertainty, tested by the newcomers in prison, one of these functions? Preparing a practical research, the academic paper contains a documentation of this question. On the other hand, the clandestine written correspondence - as exive or kites - seems to enhance the accommodation to the prison community. In their correspondence with the public authorities, the inmates may exercise the right to petition. The result of this dialog may influence either the inmates biography and the prison's practice.
Keywords: detention, uncertainty, turning point, deculturation, written correspondence.
Cuvinte-cheie: detenţie, incertitudine, bifurcaţie, deculturaţie, corespondenţă scrisă.
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Petronel Dobrică
Viaţa cotidiană în închisoare Putere, ierarhii sociale, sexualitate
Sociologie Românească
Vol. VIII, nr. 3/2010, pp. 24-38.
Cuvinte-cheie: viaţă cotidiană, închisoare, deculturaţie, status, ierarhie socială, sexualitate.
Rezumat în limba engleză: The article is the result of field research conducted "Deculturation as effect of detention. Resocialization in the context of the progressive and regressive regime of prison sentence executio" (Dobrică, 2008). Starting from one of the central features of the penitentiary institution, which is to be both formal organization and community of residence (Goffman, 1961), we analyzed the prison as "society in society" (Sykes, 1958). The main descriptors used in the presentation of daily life of prisoners were sexuality and social hierarchies, as spaces of thepower.
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Sociologie Românească, Vol. VIII, no. 3/2010, pp. 39-51.
Implicaţiile prizonizării asupra procesului de resocializare a deţinuţilor
The implications of prisonization on the resocialization process of detainees
Anamaria Szabo*
*University of Bucharest
Abstract: The article is a theoretical study, part of the research project 'Deculturation as effect of detention. Resocialization in the context of the regressive and progressive regime of prison sentence execution' (Dobrică, 2008a). This study's main hypothesis is that prisonization presupposes two parallel processes: deculturation (defined as the loss of the ability to imagine solutions and to take decisions necessary for social integration) and enculturarion (defined as the taking on and/or deepening of the ability to imagine solutions and to take decisions regarding the adaptation to the prison subculture, which is opposed to social integration). Both deculturation and enculturation influence the success of inmate resocialization. The study sketches, from a Goffmanian approach, the main characteristics of, and social-psychological processes within, total institutions, and discusses the functions of prison. Also, it underlines the mechanisms which produce deculturation and enculturarion in prison and analyses the two predominant models which explain inmate subculture - the deprivation and importation models. The article ends with a short discussion on the adverse positioning between prisonization and inmate resocialization, and formulates a series of hypothesis for the further study of the prisonization impact on the inmate resocialization process.
Keywords: prison, prisonization, deculturation, enculturation, inmate resocialization.
Cuvinte-cheie: închisoare, prizonizare, deculturaţie, enculturaţie, resocializarea deţinutului.
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Sociologie Românească, Vol. VIII, no. 3/2010, pp. 5-23.
Construcția statului neoliberal. Workfare, Prisonfare și insecuritate socială
Crafting the neoliberal state. "Workfare", "Prisonfare" and social insecurity
Loïc Wacquant*
*University of California, Berkeley, USA
Abstract: In Punishing the Poor, I show that the ascent of the penal state in the United States and other advanced societies over the past quarter-century is a response to rising social insecurity, not criminal insecurity; that changes in welfare and justice policies are interlinked, as restrictive 'workfare' and expansive 'prisonfare' are coupled into a single organizational contraption to discipline the precarious fractions of the postindustrial working class; and that a diligent carceral system is not a deviation from, but a constituent component of, the neoliberal Leviathan. In this article, I draw out the theoretical implications of this diagnosis of the emerging government of social insecurity. I deploy Pierre Bourdieu's concept of 'bureaucratic field' to revise Piven and Cloward's classic thesis on the regulation of poverty via public assistance, and contrast the model of penalization as technique for the management of marginality in the dual metropolis to Michel Foucault's vision of the 'disciplinary society', David Garland's account of the 'culture of control' and David Harvey's characterization of neoliberal politics. Against the thin economic conception of neoliberalism as market rule that echoes its ideology, I propose a thick sociological specification entailing supervisory workfare, a proactive penal state and the cultural trope of 'individual responsibility'. This suggests that we need to theorize the prison, not as a technical implement for law enforcement, but as a core political capacity whose selective and aggressive deployment in the lower regions of social space is constitutively injurious to the ideals of democratic citizenship.
Keywords: state, prison, welfare, workfare, poverty, regulation, neoliberalism, citizenship, Bourdieu.
Cuvinte-cheie: stat, închisoare, bunăstare socială, bunăstare a muncii, sărăcie, reguli, neoliberalism, cetăţenie, Bourdieu.