Rezumate Sociologie Românescă
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- Categorie: Rezumate Sociologie Românescă
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Sociologie Românească (Romanian Sociology), Vol. XIII, no. 1/2015, pp. 39-57.
Transformarea structurii sociale în R.S.S. Moldovenească în urma instaurării socialismului de stat: acumulări conflictuale
The Transformation of the Social Structure in R. S. S. Moldavian after the Establishment of State Socialism: The Accumulation of Conflict
Andrei Dumbrăveanu*
*Institutul de Cercetări Politice şi Juridice, Academia de Ştiinţe a Moldovei, Bd. Ştefan cel Mare şi Sfânt, nr. 1, Chişinău, Republica Moldova. E-mail: Această adresă de email este protejată contra spambots. Trebuie să activați JavaScript pentru a o vedea..
Abstract: The Bessarabia’s occupation in 1940 by the Red Army and the incorporation of territory between the Prut and Nistru into the U.S.S.R. under the new name of Soviet Socialist Republic produced radical changes in the lifestyle of the population and completely transformed the class structure formed during the formation of the modern Romanian state. In order to change the Moldovan society, the new Communist regime applied Stalinist dictatorship mechanisms, the most diabolical political and social operations. The most significant were the deportations. The first wave occurred in the 12 to 13 June 1941 and included landowners, merchants, mayors, policemen and gendarmes, white guardsmen, refugees from U.S.S.R. Between 30,000 and 32,500 people were deported. In 1945 were deported 1,207 “Germans”, while in 1946-1949 were arrested and deported the “fascist accomplices and supporters, policemen, gendarmes, vlasovite” – a total of 2,482 people. The second wave took place from June 5 to 6, 1949 and included: kulaks, former landowners, traders, members of political parties, accomplices of German occupiers, white guardsmen, members of sects deemed illegal, along with their families. 35,796 people were deported. The third wave occurred from March 31-April 1, 1951, and targeted the members of the religious sect Jehovah's Witnesses. 2,671 people were deported. According to calculations based on data of the Interior Ministry, a total of 74,000 people were deported to which we should add 23,978 people recently identified in the archives of the Intelligence and Security Service. In total until 1952 they were repressed about 100,000 inhabitants of M.S.S.R. In 1947 the Communists organized the massacre of the population by starvation, and about 280,000 people died of hunger. Stalinist reprisals which included executions, deportations, sentences to excessively many years in prison, and starving to death affected about 20% of the country's population. Massive deportations and starvation caused a massive long-term social impact and speed up the collectivization in the countryside. Following the events in November 1949, the percent of those who entered into kolkhoz farms share increased from 32% to 97%. The mechanisms and instruments of Communist/Bolshevik terror conduced to the destructuration of Bessarabian society formed until 1940. The M.S.S.R. class structure is established on the principles of state socialism dictatorship. The new social class structures contain the sources of cumulative latent conflicts.
Keywords: methods; social class structures; the Communist Party; statistical data; conflicts.
Cuvinte-cheie: metode; structuri sociale de clasă; partid comunist; date statistice; conflicte.
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Sociologie Românească (Romanian Sociology), Vol. XIII, no. 1/2015, pp. 58-69.
A Fishermen’s Village: On the Lipovan Belongingness to the Danube Delta in Jurilovca (Northern Dobroudja)
Marin Constantin*
*Francisc Rainer Institute of Anthropology, Romanian Academy, Bd. Eroii Sanitari 8, Sector 5, Bucureşti. E-mail: Această adresă de email este protejată contra spambots. Trebuie să activați JavaScript pentru a o vedea..
Abstract: The present article is aimed at accounting for the social, economic, and cultural ways in which the Russian-speaking Lipovan inhabitants of Jurilovca village define and assume their belongingness to the biotope of Danube Delta in the North of Tulcea County, Romania. Two theoretical notions are followed in this regard, in terms of regional complex (according to Romanian geographer Simion Mehedinţi), and cultural area (as authored by the American anthropologist Clark Wissler). A series of social, economic, and cultural characteristics of Lipovan villagers outline the importance of fishing for the local livelihood as well as worldview, i.e. ethnicity, kinship, ethno-history, technical vocabulary, seasonal work, barter exchange, folk cookery, and the socialism vs. post-socialism perception. Beyond their traditional and contemporary ethnography, the crucial issue for the native villagers in Jurilovca is that of the very continuity of “their lake’s [unwritten] law” (as a vernacular representation) in contrast to the politics of renting out the local fishing areas. Therefore, the perspectives of the Russian-Lipovan “regional complex” of fishing within the “cultural area” from the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve appear to depend on the degree to which local aspects of customary law might be reconciled with the official legislation with respect to traditional ownership, genealogical inheritance, and the right of preemption.
Keywords: Russian Lipovan; Danube Delta; fishing; regional complex; cultural area; customary law.
Cuvinte-cheie: ruşii lipoveni; Delta Dunării; pescuit; complex regional; arie culturală; drept consuetudinar.
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Sociologie Românească (Romanian Sociology), Vol. XIII, no. 1/2015, pp. 86-94.
Şase tipuri de conflict într-o comunitate virtuală
Six Types of Conflict in a Virtual Community
Ioana-Alexandra Rusu*
*Universitatea din Bucureşti, Facultatea de Sociologie şi Asistenţă Socială, Bd. Schitu Măgureanu Nr. 9, Bucureşti, România. E-mail: Această adresă de email este protejată contra spambots. Trebuie să activați JavaScript pentru a o vedea..
Abstract: New parents are typically concerned about the well-being of their children. As a result, parents seek to inform themselves about the best choices they can make in terms of diet – including but not limited to age and type of weaning –, skin care products, toys, parenting style, healthcare, education and other kinds of services addressed to children and families. This is true especially for parents with higher formal education and the habit of questioning and researching topics that interest them. As they look for information online, they build virtual communities or join established ones. This is a virtual ethnographic research of a virtual community of parents, mainly mothers, brought together by principles of natural parenting and healthy living. The research involved analyzing blogs, forums and discussions on Facebook groups, as well as the social network analysis of the network of Facebook pages belonging to the community. The main focus of the research is the impact conflict has on community social capital, as conflict has been fairly neglected in the study of virtual communities. I identified six types of conflict and analyzed their implications for the social capital of the community in terms of trust, types of relationships – bridging vs. bonding –, and social networks. The main finding is that a smaller, rather exclusive virtual community develops features very similar to closed small local communities when it comes to managing internal conflict.
Keywords: social capital; conflict; social networks; virtual community; parenting.
Cuvinte-cheie: capital social; conflict; reţele sociale; comunitate virtuală; parenting.
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Sociologie Românească (Romanian Sociology), Vol. XIII, no. 1/2015, pp. 70-85.
The Romanian American Dream: Permanent Migration, Identity and Integration of Romanian Immigrants in the United States
Eliza Markley*, Darina Lepadatu**
*Kennesaw State University, Dep. of Sociology and Criminal Justice, 402 Bartow Ave, Kennesaw, GA 30144, United **States. E-mail: Această adresă de email este protejată contra spambots. Trebuie să activați JavaScript pentru a o vedea..
Kennesaw State University, Dep. of Sociology and Criminal Justice, 402 Bartow Ave, Kennesaw, GA 30144, United States. E-mail: Această adresă de email este protejată contra spambots. Trebuie să activați JavaScript pentru a o vedea..
Abstract: International migration is one of the most spectacular social changes that affected post-communist Romania. Despite a growing body of research on Romanian migration to Europe, there is a huge gap in the literature on Romanian immigration to the United States. In this paper, we reveal the dynamics of permanent migration to the US, how does the American dream look like for the Romanian immigrants, what are their motives for migration and their process of acculturation in the US. Two sets of theories were used. The first one focuses on the push and pull factors that contribute to Romanian migration to the United States, and the second one looks at Berry’s (1997) four stages of acculturation. Based on in-depth interviews with 33 Romanian immigrants in the United States and hundreds of hours of participant observation of Romanian communities in Atlanta, New York, Los Angeles and San Francisco, the findings emphasize Romanians’ choice for integration in American society and the long term and achievement orientation for their migration. The study results also stress the positive influence of English proficiency, strong community support, young age at arrival, and length of residence on Romanian immigrants’ integration in the US. The Romanian American dream, grounded on career success and family stability, is the symbol used to describe the complex equation of high education, high-skill occupational status and low divorce that contributes to the successful integration of Romanian immigrants into the American society.
Keywords: Romanian migration; permanent migration; identity; acculturation; integration; United States.
Cuvinte-cheie: migrația romanească; migrație permanentă; identitate; aculturație; integrare; SUA.
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- Categorie: Rezumate Sociologie Românescă
- Accesări: 3496
Sociologie Românească (Romanian Sociology), Vol. XIII, no. 1/2015, pp. 95-97.
Puterea dinastiilor şi ordinea socială contemporană. Observaţii pe marginea celui mai recent dosar The Economist pe această temă
The Power of Dynasties and Contemporary Social Order. Comments on the Most Recent File The Economist on the Subject
Ovidiana Bulumac*
*Universitatea din Bucureşti, Facultatea de Sociologie şi Asistenţă Socială, Str. Schitu Măgureanu 9 sector 5, Bucureşti. E-mail: Această adresă de email este protejată contra spambots. Trebuie să activați JavaScript pentru a o vedea..