Rezumate Sociologie Românescă
- Detalii
- Scris de ARS
- Categorie: Rezumate Sociologie Românescă
- Accesări: 20569
Sociologie Românească (Romanian Sociology), XII new series no. 1-4/2001, pp. 1-19.
Trust-mistrust in European Democracies
Mattei Dogan
Abstract: An important proportion of citizens do not manifest confidence in many basic institutions (parliaments, parties, unions, army, public bureaucracies, big business, courts, ecclesiastic hierarchy, police) nor in the political class. Such a deficit of trust is attested by a wealth of empirical data. None the less, the legitimacy of the democratic regime is not challenged: European citizens do not conceive realistically an alternative system of government. But a new counter-power plays an increasing and crucial role in advanced pluralist democracies: the tandem of magistrates and journalists. France and Italy are considered as clinical cases, concerning in particular the corruption at the highest level of the State and society. What types of citizens are needed in advanced democracies? Ignorant, naive, differential, credulous, believers in myths? Or well informed, rationally distrustful citizens? Today democracy is permanently under the supervision of the public, as attested by surveys conducted periodically.
- Detalii
- Scris de ARS
- Categorie: Rezumate Sociologie Românescă
- Accesări: 20326
Sociologie Românească (Romanian Sociology), XII new series no. 1-4/2001, pp. 20-34.
România în cadrul celui de-al treilea val al democratizării
Romania in within the third wave of democratization
Ioan Mărginean, Iuliana Precupețu, Marius Precupețu
Abstract (Rezumat în limba engleză): Following the process of democratization at the end of the World War II and after the rising of new democracies in Southern Europe (Greece, Portugal, Spain) and Latin America, "the third wave of democratization" has risen considerably the interest of researchers in understanding the new political processes developing in Central and Eastern Europe. The main question asked was related to the capacity of the new democracies to consolidate in time and attract support from their citizens.
More than eleven years after the fall of communism the question still remains essential and the present paper tries to deal with several aspects of the state of democracy in Romania and its foreseeable future.
The main conclusion of this endeavor is that economic difficulties do not favor democracy, but neither prevents, in an absolute manner, its edification. On the other hand, the democrat regime has certain weaknesses that make it vulnerable any time, even in the countries with developed economies. Hence the need for a continuous study of the function of democratic institutions and of the measures required to improve their performance.
- Detalii
- Scris de ARS
- Categorie: Rezumate Sociologie Românescă
- Accesări: 20828
Sociologie Românească (Romanian Sociology), XII new series no. 1-4/2001, pp. 70-96.
Modernitate religioasă în societatea românească
Religious modernity in the Romanian society
Mălina Voicu
Abstract (Rezumat în limba engleză): The secularization phenomena manifest themselves in the contemporary cultural Romanian space, too. But which is their nature, after about a half of a century of communism and in the context of a post-communist transition strongly marked by economic difficulties? This is the fundamental question proposed by the study The historic excursus undertaken by the author argues that the contemporary Romanian secularization stays in a large measure under the sign of the communist practices of interventionism in the space of the religious believes and practices, a completely different process from that of believes' individualization from the Western world. The study formulates and tests the hypothesis of the existence of three social types - the Atheist, the Secularized and the Believer - structured depending on two polar dimensions: the rejection of clergy's involvement in the political life and the support of some believing persons participation to political life. The Atheist rejects the clergy's involvement in political life and the necessity of involvement in politics of some persons having a high degree of religiosity. The second type is the Secularized, that who rejects the first opinion but sustains the second one. The last type, the Believer, accepts the church involvement ii politics and sustains as mandatory the religious believe for politicians. The first type is characterized by a high religious modernity level and rejects the interference between the two domains by virtue of functional specialization. The second type is the result of the action of forces that determined the Romanian society secularization.
- Detalii
- Scris de ARS
- Categorie: Rezumate Sociologie Românescă
- Accesări: 19673
Sociologie Românească (Romanian Sociology), XII new series no. 1-4/2001, pp. 35-69.
România pseudo-modernă
Pseudo-modern Romania
Bogdan Voicu
Abstract (Rezumat în limba engleză): The study is devoted to the value profile of contemporary Romanian society. The thesis of "Pseudo-modern Romania" is sustained, not so much in the sense of a society with artificial modernity, of an artifact type as particularly, a heterogeneous society, with traditional, modern and postmodern segments. "Pseudo-modernity" is identified especially in the hesitation between participation and non-participation to public interest activities. The Romanian space of values is structured among the strains of a technological modernization unstained by a cultural one, the postmodern tendencies taken over by contiguousness and the dilemma of participation to the socio-political life. Institutionally and technologically, the Romanian society went beyond the traditionalism phase and oscillates between modern and post-modern orientations. Traditionalism remains in the social value sphere. The aversion toward risk and the confidence in the explanatory power of religion, even moderated with a rejection attitude toward fatalism constitute such reflexes. The totalitarian communist state, controlling at maximum the society life, ended by inhibiting values that support civic participation and by maintaining to a moderate level the interest for politics. Moreover, it contributed to the adoption of strategies and values implying the risk avoidance, under the circumstances of the arbitrary of an opaque and uncontrollable political decision. The tensions of the pseudo-modern society are translated in apparent paradoxical behaviors, as the appeal to the protector authority of the state associated with an avoidance of responsibilities towards it or the entrepreneurship without trust in people and institutions but centered round relations. The argumentation of this point of view is made through setting up and validation of some path models with latent variables, based on poll data.
- Detalii
- Scris de ARS
- Categorie: Rezumate Sociologie Românescă
- Accesări: 20862
Sociologie Românească (Romanian Sociology), XII new series no. 1-4/2001, pp. 97-123.
Structură socială și etnicitate
Social structure and ethnicity
Paula Tufiș
Abstract (Rezumat în limba engleză): The paper attempts a theoretical and empirical analysis of the relationship between ethnic affiliation, social stratification and ethnic attitudes in Central and Eastern Europe, and in Romania in particular. In the first part of the paper I examine the main theoretical constructs involved in explaining the relationship between stratification and ethnic affiliation, ethnic stratification and class stratification, and the role of market mechanisms in the dynamics of social and ethnic stratification. In order to validate the proposed hypotheses 1 use data regarding former communist countries in Central and Eastern Europe For the Romanian case I employ a multilevel analysis by using regional, community and individual level data.
The analysis of empirical data at the national level suggests that a homogenous ethnic composition of a country determines a global orientation of the population towards a less tolerant ethnic attitude. A homogenous ethnic composition at the level of historical regions in the case of Romania is also a favorable environment for ethnic intolerance. Ethnic intolerance tends to be higher in the lower social strata. The relationship between one`s social position in the stratification space and one's attitude of ethic intolerance is not a linear one. Regions, types of local and residential communities, and also human and material capital variables emerge as being relevant predictors of ethnic intolerance.