Rezumate Sociologie Românescă
- Detalii
- Scris de ARS
- Categorie: Rezumate Sociologie Românescă
- Accesări: 22721
Sociologie Românească, Vol. VI, no. 3-4/2008, pp. 116-126.
Teoria accesului la resursele naturale şi practicile sociale de exploatare a pădurilor
Theories of access to natural resources and social practices of forest exploitation
Lavinia Chiburte
Abstract: The article brings into focus a recent theory concerning the theory of access to natural resources and tries to answer to the following questions: what are the social practices used by a community in managing collective forests and how does theory succeed on deploying and explaining them? Local management of natural resources presumes collaboration between local actors and state (mainly embodied by law). Therefore, it is important to identify the mechanisms that people use for 'reorganizing' the political-economic context in order to get benefits. Access theory focuses on the social methods through which persons benefit from things, especially natural resources. These social mechanisms are called 'abilities'. In addition, I built up a case study in which I try to see how 'abilities' influence the assignation of access to forest, in a mountain community of post-socialist Romania. Furthermore, I indicate why access is more adequate in analyzing the social practices surrounding natural resources in the case of specific institutions of collective forests like Obste, Composesorat and the Community of Fortune. A new perspective on property is proposed, emphasizing the importance of the social understandings of ownership.
Keywords: municipality forest, theory of access, property, entrepreneurship, rights, public administration.
Cuvinte-cheie: pădure comunală, teoria accesului, proprietate, antreprenoriat, drepturi, administrație publică.
- Detalii
- Scris de ARS
- Categorie: Rezumate Sociologie Românescă
- Accesări: 17458
Sociologie Românească, Vol. VI, no. 3-4/2008, pp. 101-115.
Is it Red or Green? The construction of social realities through photographs; the physical environment and community of Roşia Montană
Viorica Alina Pop
Abstract: The guiding idea of this research is that the use of visual material in the analysis of social representations is fruitful, given the importance of image in producing and transmitting knowledge in our multimedia society. This paper is part of a larger research project which aims to study the social representations emerged in an environmental conflict which occurred in Romania after a foreign company proposed a gold mining project in the area of Roºia Montan\. My hypothesis implies that groups involved in this conflict construct polemical representations and compete for influencing others to adopt them, in order to achieve social and political goals. The present study explores the iconic-code of expression of social representations about Roșia Montană site and community generated by the groups in conflict in the process of communication, by focusing on photographic images. Two sets of photographs that institutional actors (an NGO and the mining company) made circulate through internet were analyzed using quantitative and qualitative techniques. Two different realities about Roșia Montană site and people are objectified by means of photographs. It seems that each photo-dossier was aimed to be a retort to the other, indicating the polarization of groups. This situation is stimulating each one to generate a representation of the object, which is occasioned precisely by the existence of the opposition (Moscovici, 1961-1976). The analysis reveals the emergence of two social representations about Roșia Montană, which are highly contrasting and stereotypical, and rooted in general irresistible beliefs. And they both pertain to the communicative genre of propaganda. My study can show how we can analyze the battle of ideas (Moscovici) in the emergence of social representations when divergent ideas are communicated through images.
Keywords: polemical social representations, environmental conflict, visual social representations.
Cuvinte-cheie: reprezentări polemice sociale, conflict ambiental, reprezentări sociale vizuale.
- Detalii
- Scris de ARS
- Categorie: Rezumate Sociologie Românescă
- Accesări: 19881
Sociologie Românească, Vol. VI, no. 3-4/2008, pp. 74-86.
Sociologia mediului ca formă de marginalitate creatoare. O privire asupra teoriilor sale de la "limitele creşterii" la societatea riscului
Sociology of the environment as a form of "creative marginality". An overview of its theories, from "limits to growth" to risk society
Filip Mihai Alexandrescu*
*Research Institute for the Quality of Life, Romanian Academy
Abstract: Mattei Dogan argues that many of the creative ideas in science emerge at the margins of the well-established disciplines, where several specialties interact and create so-called hybrid areas of scholarship. Environmental sociology is a remarkable instance of creative hybridization between the findings of the natural sciences and sociological interpretations of these findings. The purpose of this article is to sensitize the sociological community in Romania regarding the theoretical contributions and research potential of environmental sociology. The article will discuss the origins of environmental sociology, and the most interesting theories and areas of research (the new ecological paradigm, the treadmill of production, the social construction of environmental problems, risk society theory etc.) within this field. The concluding section will briefly outline a few suggestions for researching environmental problems in present-day Romania.
Keywords: environmental sociology, creative marginality.
Cuvinte-cheie: sociologia mediului, marginalitate creatoare.
- Detalii
- Scris de ARS
- Categorie: Rezumate Sociologie Românescă
- Accesări: 21478
Sociologie Românească, Vol. VI, no. 3-4/2008, pp. 87-100.
Nature conservation, conflict and discourses on forest management: communities and protected areas in Meridional Carpathians
Nature conservation, conflict and discourses on forest management: communities and protected areas in Meridional Carpathians
Monica Vasile
Abstract: The paper aims to bring into focus the issue of nature conservation in Romania and the response of local actors to top-down conservation policies. A type of conflict that arises at the fringe of Romanian protected areas, the conflict between collective proprietors and national parks. administration will be taken as a research example. It will be shown that the top-down approach of the park administrators is based on the ideas of law and science and on the idea of traditional, 'good' state forestry practice. This approach is strongly contested by communities, which begin to establish as relatively organised entities; with small steps, 'participation' begins to function.
Keywords: obşte; collective property; joint-ownership systems; regulation and customary systems.
Cuvinte-cheie: obște, proprietate colectivă, devălmășie, legislație, sistem cutumiar.
- Detalii
- Scris de ARS
- Categorie: Rezumate Sociologie Românescă
- Accesări: 19330
Sociologie Românească, Vol. VI, no. 3-4/2008, pp. 58-73.
O analiză transversală asupra declinului demografic al României în profil teritorial
A transversal analysis of the Romanian demographic decline in a territorial profile
Florin Flavius Mihalache*
*Research Institute for the Quality of Life, Romanian Academy
Abstract: This paper aims to explore the 'demographic decline' in Romania, focusing the analysis on its territorial profile. The major indicators used are birth rate, mortality rate and old persons' percentage. The analysis for the most recent data (for the year 2006) illustrated four levels of intensity for the 'demographic decline'. The worst situation is present in the South-West side of the country, where the demographic crisis is represented by low birth rate, high mortality rate and high percentage of old people (Oltenia, Banat and Southern Muntenia). In the same time, in the North-East regions (a part of Moldavia, the East of Transilvania and the region of Maramureş) we can speak about a positive demographic evolution. Between these two stages, we considered two other levels of intermediate intensity of decline. This classification confirms the important demographic differentiations among regions.
Keywords: demographic decline, natural growth, fertility rate, aging.
Cuvinte-cheie: declin demografic, spor natural, rata fertilității, îmbătrânirea populației.