Rezumate Sociologie Românescă
- Detalii
- Scris de ARS
- Categorie: Rezumate Sociologie Românescă
- Accesări: 17133
Sociologie Românească, Vol. VI, no. 3-4/2008, pp. 30-57.
Efectele şi învăţămintele unei măsuri de stimulare a natalităţii - concediul şi indemnizaţia de creştere a copilului
Effects and lessons learned from a natality incentive policy: the maternity leave and the child rearing indemnity
Vasile Gheţău
*University of Bucharest
Abstract: Romanian fertility was over the average European level before 1990 as consequence of the forced and brutal pronatalist policy of the former regime and the abolition of very restrictive regulations on contraception and abortion, at the end of December 1989, lead to a rapid and abrupt fall during the first half of 1990s. During the last 12 years the TFR keeps a stable value - 1.3, but important structural changes are taking place, the traditional early pattern being in strong erosion by late marriage and postponement of birth. The government is aware of the fact that the population decline and the deterioration of the age structure, coming essentially from the low level of fertility, will deeply shape the future population developments with strong impact on economic and social life and a number of economic incentives addressed to increase the fertility have been taken during the last years. The most important decision was adopted at the beginning of 2003 and it concerns the employed women.
Keywords: leave and indemnity for child rearing, employed women, natality, fertility by age of mother and rank of the newborn, education level of mothers, social backgroungds.
Cuvinte-cheie: concediul și indemnizația de creștere a copilului, femei salariate, natalitate, fertilitate feminină pe vârste și după rangul născutului, nivelul de instruire a mamei, medii sociale.
- Detalii
- Scris de ARS
- Categorie: Rezumate Sociologie Românescă
- Accesări: 19330
Sociologie Românească, Vol. VI, no. 3-4/2008, pp. 18-29.
Influenţă sau manipulare prin sondaje de opinie?
Influence or manipulation by means of surveys?
Dorel Abraham*, Ionela Şufaru*, Septimiu Chelcea**
*CURS
**University of Bucharest
Abstract: This study is focusing on the influence of published polls results on the population's electoral behavior, mainly on the political vote. In order to clarify this issue two approaches are used. On the one hand, the influence of the polls results on the population's political behavior is analyzed in correlation with the communication models, with the significant differences between influence and manipulation and with the media influence, mainly on the influence of electoral campaigns on the population's voting behavior. On the other hand, the impact of opinion surveys on voting behavior is analyzed, in comparison with international studies, based on CURSs studies on polls influence on electoral behavior. The data show that media influence on voting behavior is similar with those established by P. Lazarsfeld's studies in 1940 stating that the electoral campaigns influence to a very small extent the populations decisions on how to vote, the weight of the converted votes being around 8%. The researches on journalists conducted by CURS and other studies based on representative surveys at the level of population aged 18 years old and over show that only about 4% of those who watched the public opinion polls results and only about 2% of the electorate (1.6 of journalist) take very seriously into account the results of opinion surveys when they vote. If we take into account that 75% of them are acting according with the bandwagon effect and 25% according with the underdog effect, then the conclusion is that only 1.5% of the voting population and about 1.2% of the journalists get a bandwagon influence, meaning that people are influenced to follow the polls winner. Besides, the polls results are not the only factors that influence the voting decision. It is important to note that the direct influence of published opinions polls is finally statistically insignificant even if they can have an indirect influence on election participation, political leaders, public opinion leaders and so on.
Keywords: public opinion, poll, manipulation, elections, parlamentary elections.
Cuvinte-cheie: opinie publică, sondaj de opinie, manipulare, alegeri electorale, alegeri parlamentare.
- Detalii
- Scris de ARS
- Categorie: Rezumate Sociologie Românescă
- Accesări: 4625
Recenzii
Sociologie Românească
Vol. VI, nr. 2/2008, pp. 108-119.
Rezumat în limba engleză: Simion Mehedinţi, Ethnography. A lecture course from the year 1935-1936 (Marin Constantin) / 108
Sanda Golopenţia, The Carter Emigrants (Septimiu Chelcea) / 110
Mihai Pascaru, The globalization-dissipated habitat (Mihaela Bara) / 112
Maxim, Sorin; Dascălu, Dan Ioan; Popoveniuc, Bogdan; Ionescu, Eusebiu
(eds.), Violence in sports (Andreea Costin) / 114
Pierre Manent, The reason of nations. Reflections on democracy in Europe
(Emil. E. Suciu) / 118.
- Detalii
- Scris de ARS
- Categorie: Rezumate Sociologie Românescă
- Accesări: 18581
Sociologie Românească, Vol. VI, no. 3-4/2008, pp. 5-17.
Zvonurile de acum 40 de ani. August 1968: invadarea Cehoslovaciei şi îngrijorarea României
Rumors 40 years ago. August 1968: the invasion of Czechoslovakia and worries in Romania
Aurelian Stoica, Septimiu Chelcea*
*University of Bucharest
Abstract: Regarded by some of the historians and political analysts as being the brave expression of the independence policy run by Romania, meanwhile others considered it to be a masquerade and the beginning of Nicolae Ceauşescu’s cult of personality, the 21st of August 1968 remains a milestone in Romania's recent history. The analysis of the National Historical Archives documents gave us the opportunity for the first time in the last 40 years to find out the types of rumors spread in Romania. The state of uncertainty expressed at the top of the communist party and population's concern regarding a possible military intervention of the Soviet Union and other communist countries in Romania, after Czechoslovakia's model, have created a favorable climate for rumor appearance. These rumors, as we know now, did have a grain of truth.
Keywords: intelligence, rumour, military invasion, fear, worry, ”grain of truth”.
Cuvinte-cheie: informații, zvon, invazie militară, frică, îngrijorare, ”sâmbure de adevăr”.
- Detalii
- Scris de ARS
- Categorie: Rezumate Sociologie Românescă
- Accesări: 21263
Sociologie Românească, Vol. VI, no. 2/2008, pp. 108-109.
Simion Mehedinți
Ethnography. A lecture course from the year 1935-1936
Marin Constantin